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    • Home
    • About Us
      • About CRAIL
      • Core Objectives
      • Research Areas
      • Contact Us
    • Our Methods
      • Causal Modeling
      • Intervention Experiments
      • Prediction&Optimization
    • Research Structure
      • Causal Discovery
      • Causal Inference
      • Counterfactual Simulation
      • Intervention Experiments
      • Feedback & Optimization
    • Application Scenarios
      • Healthcare & Medicine
      • Economics & Public Policy
      • Career Development
      • Personal Legal Risk
  • Home
  • About Us
    • About CRAIL
    • Core Objectives
    • Research Areas
    • Contact Us
  • Our Methods
    • Causal Modeling
    • Intervention Experiments
    • Prediction&Optimization
  • Research Structure
    • Causal Discovery
    • Causal Inference
    • Counterfactual Simulation
    • Intervention Experiments
    • Feedback & Optimization
  • Application Scenarios
    • Healthcare & Medicine
    • Economics & Public Policy
    • Career Development
    • Personal Legal Risk

key concepts

Rubin Causal Model

Confounding & Selection Bias

Confounding & Selection Bias

Rubin Causal Model(RCM), also known as the  potential Outcomes Framework,is one of the most widely used frameworks for causal inference. It is used to define and analyze causal relationships in observational and experimental studies, particularly in settings where randomization is not feasible.

Confounding & Selection Bias

Confounding & Selection Bias

Confounding & Selection Bias

Both confounding and selection bias are important concepts in causal inference.They can distort the estimation of causal relationships between variables, leading to inaccurate conclusions.While they are related, they refer to different issues in data analysis.

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